飞控开发--气压计/高度计(MS5611)

  1. 1. MS5611接口及相应寄存器定义-drv_ms5611.h
  2. 2. ms5611 代码实现 - drv_ms5611.c
  3. 3. 完整源码,包含 测试 和 所需的I2C驱动.click here

ms5611简介:

官方给出的最大分辨率:10cm

工作电压: 1.8v ~ 3.6v

气压 AD 精度:24位

工作环境:-40 ~ +85°C,10 ~ 1200mbar(毫巴 = 百帕)

通讯接口: I2C/SPI (PS:1 - I2C ; PS:0 - SPI)

焊接条件: <250°C < 40秒

开发环境:

开发板: stm32F4discovery

气压计模块:GY-63(ms5611)

开发工具:window7 + MDK(Keil5.1)

程序依赖模块: I2C/SPI 驱动 (此处使用的i2c通讯接口)

MS5611接口及相应寄存器定义-drv_ms5611.h

#include "stdbool.h"
#include <math.h>

// MS5611, Standard address 0x77
#define MS5611_ADDR 0x77

#define CMD_RESET 0x1E // ADC reset command
#define CMD_ADC_READ 0x00 // ADC read command
#define CMD_ADC_CONV 0x40 // ADC conversion command
#define CMD_ADC_D1 0x00 // ADC D1 conversion
#define CMD_ADC_D2 0x10 // ADC D2 conversion
#define CMD_ADC_256 0x00 // ADC OSR=256
#define CMD_ADC_512 0x02 // ADC OSR=512
#define CMD_ADC_1024 0x04 // ADC OSR=1024
#define CMD_ADC_2048 0x06 // ADC OSR=2048
#define CMD_ADC_4096 0x08 // ADC OSR=4096
#define CMD_PROM_RD 0xA0 // Prom read command

#define PROM_NB 8

#define MS5611_OSR_4096_CONV_DELAY 8220 // 8.22ms
#define MS5611_OSR_2018_CONV_DELAY 4130 // 4.13ms
#define MS5611_OSR_1024_CONV_DELAY 2080
#define MS5611_OSR_512_CONV_DELAY 1060
#define MS5611_OSR_256_CONV_DELAY 540

bool ms5611Init(void);

void ms5611_start_ut(void);
void ms5611_get_ut(void);
void ms5611_start_up(void);
void ms5611_get_up(void);
void ms5611_calculate(int32_t *pressure, int32_t *temperature);

float getEstimatedAltitude(int32_t baroPressure);
  • ms5611 i2c 地址定义,由芯片管脚 CSB 决定.111011Cx,其中C为CSB引脚的补码值(取反).
    ms5611_addr

    TIP: 本案例中i2c地址 0x77 并没有把i2c 的读写标志位包括,所以在I2C 读写代码实现时务必手动左移。

  • ms5611 官方手册 寄存器地址 说明:
    ms5611reg

ms5611 代码实现 - drv_ms5611.c

#include "drv_system.h"
#include "drv_i2c.h"
#include "drv_ms5611.h"
static uint32_t ms5611_ut; // static result of temperature measurement


static uint32_t ms5611_up; // static result of pressure measurement
static uint16_t ms5611_c[PROM_NB]; // on-chip ROM
//static uint8_t ms5611_osr = CMD_ADC_4096;

#define PA_OFFSET_INIT_NUM 50

static float Alt_offset_Pa=0;
double paOffsetNum = 0;
uint16_t paInitCnt=0;
uint8_t paOffsetInited=0;

static uint16_t ms5611_prom(int8_t coef_num);
static void ms5611_reset(void);
static uint32_t ms5611_read_adc(void);
static int8_t ms5611_crc(uint16_t *prom);

bool ms5611Init(void)

{


bool ack = false;
uint8_t sig;
int i;

delayMs(10); // No idea how long the chip takes to power-up, but let's make it 10ms
ack = i2cRead(MS5611_ADDR, CMD_PROM_RD, 1, &sig);
if (!ack)
return false;

ms5611_reset();
// read all coefficients
for (i = 0; i < PROM_NB; i++)
ms5611_c[i] = ms5611_prom(i);

if(ms5611_crc(ms5611_prom) != 0)
return false;

return true;
}



static void ms5611_reset(void)
{

i2cWrite(MS5611_ADDR, CMD_RESET, 1);
delayMs(10);
}


/*
* 读取 ms5611 出厂校准数据
*/

static uint16_t ms5611_prom(int8_t coef_num)
{

uint8_t rxbuf[2] = { 0, 0 };

i2cRead(MS5611_ADDR, CMD_PROM_RD + coef_num * 2, 2, rxbuf); // send PROM READ command

return rxbuf[0] << 8 | rxbuf[1];

}


/*
* 读取 ms5611 采集的 温度/气压(24bit)
*/


static uint32_t ms5611_read_adc(void)
{

uint8_t rxbuf[3];

i2cRead(MS5611_ADDR, CMD_ADC_READ, 3, rxbuf); // read ADC

return (rxbuf[0] << 16) | (rxbuf[1] << 8) | rxbuf[2];

}

/*
* 开始采集温度.
*/

void ms5611_start_ut(void)
{

i2cWrite(MS5611_ADDR, CMD_ADC_CONV + CMD_ADC_D2 + CMD_ADC_4096, 1); // D2 (temperature) conversion start!
}



/*
* 读取出 MS5611 采集的温度AD值
*/

void ms5611_get_ut(void)
{

ms5611_ut = ms5611_read_adc();
}

/*
* 开始采集气压.
*/

void ms5611_start_up(void)
{

i2cWrite(MS5611_ADDR, CMD_ADC_CONV + CMD_ADC_D1 + CMD_ADC_4096, 1); // D1 (pressure) conversion start!
}

/*
* 读取出 MS5611 采集的气压AD值
*/

void ms5611_get_up(void)
{

ms5611_up = ms5611_read_adc();
}

/*
* 读取的气压&温度AD值转换为实际值并作温度补偿(温度精度:0.01℃,气压精度:0.01mbar)
*/

void ms5611_calculate(int32_t *pressure, int32_t *temperature)
{

uint32_t press;
int64_t temp;
int64_t delt;

int32_t dT = (int64_t)ms5611_ut - ((uint64_t)ms5611_c[5] * 256);
int64_t off = ((int64_t)ms5611_c[2] << 16) + (((int64_t)ms5611_c[4] * dT) >> 7);
int64_t sens = ((int64_t)ms5611_c[1] << 15) + (((int64_t)ms5611_c[3] * dT) >> 8);
temp = 2000 + ((dT * (int64_t)ms5611_c[6]) >> 23);

if (temp < 2000) { // temperature lower than 20degC
delt = temp - 2000;
delt = 5 * delt * delt;
off -= delt >> 1;
sens -= delt >> 2;

if (temp < -1500) { // temperature lower than -15degC
delt = temp + 1500;
delt = delt * delt;
off -= 7 * delt;
sens -= (11 * delt) >> 1;
}
}

press = ((((int64_t)ms5611_up * sens) >> 21) - off) >> 15;

if (pressure)
*pressure = press;
if (temperature)
*temperature = temp;
}



/*
* ms5611 prom 数据 校验
*/

static int8_t ms5611_crc(uint16_t *prom)
{

int32_t i, j;
uint32_t res = 0;
uint8_t zero = 1;
uint8_t crc = prom[7] & 0xF;
prom[7] &= 0xFF00;

// if eeprom is all zeros, we're probably fucked - BUT this will return valid CRC lol
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
if (prom[i] != 0)
zero = 0;
}

if (zero)
return -1;

for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
if (i & 1)
res ^= ((prom[i >> 1]) & 0x00FF);
else
res ^= (prom[i >> 1] >> 8);
for (j = 8; j > 0; j--) {
if (res & 0x8000)
res ^= 0x1800;
res <<= 1;
}
}

prom[7] |= crc;

if (crc == ((res >> 12) & 0xF))
return 0;

return -1;
}

/*
* 气压解算为高度值(cm)
*/

float getEstimatedAltitude(int32_t baroPressure)
{

static float Altitude;

if(Alt_offset_Pa == 0){
if(paInitCnt > PA_OFFSET_INIT_NUM){
Alt_offset_Pa = paOffsetNum / paInitCnt;
paOffsetInited=1;
}else
paOffsetNum += baroPressure;
paInitCnt++;
Altitude = 0;
return Altitude;

}

Altitude = 4433000.0f * (1 - powf((((float) baroPressure) / Alt_offset_Pa), 0.190295f));

return Altitude;
}
  • 由于气压受温度影响,所以需要进行温度补偿。void ms5611_calculate(int32_t *pressure, int32_t *temperature)

温度计算公式:

实际和参考温度之间的差异:


dT=D2TREF=D2C528dT = D2 - T_{REF} = D2 - C5*2^{8}

实际温度(-40…85°C / 0.01°C的分辨率):


TEMP=20+dTTEMPSENS=2000+dTC6/223TEMP = 20 + dT*TEMPSENS = 2000 + dT*C6/2^{23}

温度补偿下气压计算公式:

实际温度抵消 :


OFF=OFFT1+TCOdT=C2216+(C4dT)/27OFF = OFF_{T1} + TCO*dT = C2*2^{16} + (C4*dT) / 2^{7}

实际温度灵敏度 :


SENS=SENST1+TCSdT=C1215+(C3dT)/28SENS = SENS_{T1} + TCS*dT = C1*2^{15} + (C3*dT) / 2^{8}

温度补偿后得到的气压值:(10 ~ 1200mbar/ 0.001mbar分辨率)


P=D1SENSOFF=(D1SENS/221)/215P = D1*SENS - OFF = (D1*SENS / 2^{21}) / 2^{15}

Tip: C1 C2 .. 等值都来自芯片内置的 PROM 数据,在初始化代码时读取
ms5611_prom

Tip: 并且由于此芯片在 大于20°C下比较准,低于20°C气压误差骤增,所以还必须做二阶温度补偿
ms5611_second_order

  • 气压值到高度的解算 float getEstimatedAltitude(int32_t baroPressure)
    气压转换高度公式为:

    Altitude=4433000[1(pp0)15.255]Altitude = 4 433 000 * [1 - (\frac{p}{p_{0}})^{\frac{1}{5.255}}]

tip: Altitude 为高度(cm); P 为温度补偿后的气压值; P0P_{0} 标准大气压(101 325 Pa)或者基准气压。


完整源码,包含 测试 和 所需的I2C驱动.click here